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One of the Philadelphia Zoo's king cobras holds the longevity record and lived to be over 26 years old.

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King Cobra
Ophiophagus hannah
 
Size Its average length is 12-15 feet, but they've been known to reach over 18 feet.
Weight
Conservation Status
Diet In the wild, king cobras usually eat snakes and, on occasion, lizards and rodents. In the Zoo, they eat 12 mice or baby rats every week.
Geographic Range The king cobra is found from eastern and northeastern India into southeastern China, the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia and the Philippine Islands.
Where to find me in the Zoo The Reptile House
Note: Description below should include Longevity, Behavior, and Reproduction information

The king cobra is the longest venomous snake in the world. They have short, hollow fangs measuring less than a half an inch. King cobras come in a variety of colors, dependent on their range. They can be light olive, black-brown or something in between. They may have bands of white, yellow or beige. Their underside is uniformly pale yellow and may have bars. The famous (or infamous) king cobra "hood" is created by extending elongated cervical ribs of the neck that spread loose skin.

King cobras are found near streams in both dense and open forest, as well as bamboo stands and agricultural areas, like tea plantations. They also inhabit mangrove swamps.

Taxonomic revision of the king cobra is pending. The king cobra is a broadly distributed species through southeast Asia. There are many island forms of this snake and possibly up to six species.

Longevity
King cobras can live about 20 years in zoos. One of the Philadelphia Zoo's king cobras holds the longevity record and lived to be over 26 years old.

Reproduction
King cobras normally breed from January to April. The female lays 20-50 eggs in a nest she constructs from sticks and leaves. The female guards the nest and after 65-80 days the eggs will begin to hatch. Hatchlings measure 18-20 inches long and are brightly marked. Juveniles are jet-black and have white or yellow crossbars on the body and four crossbars on the head.

Behavior
King cobras are diurnal, or active during the daytime. Although they mostly live on land king cobras are also excellent climbers and will pursue prey into the trees. These cobras are also good swimmers.

Males will fight for a female using a "neck-wrestling" technique. The successful male then courts the female by rubbing her with his head. Both male and female are reported to remain in the vicinity of the nest until hatching. The cobras are protective of their eggs and will be very aggressive towards any human that approaches the nest. When threatened, they stand and hood and produce a hiss sound, which resembles dog's growl.

Adaptations
King cobras have short fangs but can strike in a highly accurate downward thrust. To achieve this, the king cobra can raise one third of its body length as high as 4-5 feet off the ground. Their fangs are hollow tubes through which venom is passed. While it is not the most poisonous of cobras, because of its large size and high venom yield, the king cobra can inject enough venom to kill an elephant. Despite this, this cobra kills fewer than five humans each year.

King cobras are good swimmers and excellent climbers. The females build complex nests that probably serve both as protection and temperature regulation for the eggs.

 

 

The Zoo has one male and one female king cobra.  Both arrived at the Zoo on May 30, 2003.

Enrichment

Adoption Information

Featured Foster Parent

The Philadelphia Zoo's former (previous) king cobra "Starfire" hatched at the Bronx Zoo in August 1978, and lived here for over 26  years. This exceeds the previous species longevity record for king cobras by four years. This is one of the many longevity records that the Philadelphia Zoo holds including the world's oldest snake, a ball python that lived at the zoo for 47  years.

King cobras are one of the most intelligent snakes, and our king cobra recognizes different zookeepers. Starfire had a particular fondness for the reptile foreman and interacted well with her, However, the snake disliked one of the other keepers and made his job very difficult.

Enrichment

King cobras are not presently threatened. However, they may become so unless trade is regulated. Although the wild status is not well known, king cobras probably live in fairly low densities. As land use practices are adversely affecting snake habitats, king cobras are almost certain to be endangered in some parts of their range.

The breeding program for this species is managed on a national level by a Population Management Plan organized by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA).

Zoo Research

Fun Facts

The genus name of the king cobra, Ophiophagus, literally means snake (ophio) eating (phagus).

The king cobra, reaching as long as 18 feet, is the longest venomous snake in the world.

While the king cobra isn't the most deadly of cobras, it has more venom. It can inject enough venom per bite to kill an elephant.

Cobra venom has been used to develop pain relievers that are used for severe arthritis pain.

 

Conservation

Introductions

Animal Lingo

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Sources: Philadelphia Zoo staff